12

唐楷 禮記 禮運篇大同章
 

42.5 inches x 103.25 inches

大道之行也，天下為公，
選賢與能，講信修睦，
故人不獨親其親，不獨子其子，
使老有所終，壯有所用，幼有所長，
鰥寡孤獨廢疾者皆有所養；男有分，女有歸，
貨惡其棄於地也不必藏於己，力惡其不出於身也不必為己，
是故謀閉而不興，盜竊亂賊而不作，故外戶而不閉，是謂大同。

Regular Script (kaishu)

The Great Way

Record of Rites, Li-Yun-Da-Tong Chapter

Confucius (551-479 BC)

When the Great Way prevailed, every person was a part of public society, and public society belonged to everyone. The virtuous and the able were chosen for public office. Fidelity and friendliness were valued by all. People not only loved their own parents and children, but loved the parents and children of others as well. The elderly lived their last years in happiness; able-bodied adults were usefully employed; children were reared properly. Widowers, widows, orphans, the childless aged, the crippled and the ailing were well cared for. All men shared their social responsibilities, and all women performed their domestic duties in married life. Natural resources were fully used for the benefit of all, and not appropriated for selfish ends. People wanted to contribute their strength and ability to society for public good but not for private gain. Trickery and intrigue could not occur in such a society. Robbery, larceny and other crimes all disappeared. Gates and doors were not locked; no one ever thought of stealing. This was the Age of the Great Commonwealth of peace and prosperity.

※        ※        ※

唐楷：唐朝(618-907 AD)在楷書方面的成就最為後世推崇，字體以法度嚴謹著稱，在中國書法史上與秦篆與漢隸並列。

The Regular Script (kaishu) is considered to have matured stylistically during the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD). It is famous for the strictness and clearness of its strokes. In Chinese calligraphy, the Regular Script of the Tang Dynasty ranks alongside the Small Seal Script of the Qin Dynasty (221-206 BC) and the Clerical Script of the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD).

孔子(551-479 BC)，名丘，字仲尼。春秋末期魯國教育家與哲學家，曾任魯大司寇。刪詩書、訂禮樂、贊周易、著春秋，是儒學和儒家的創始人。學不厭、教不倦，使孔子成為「至聖先師」。他主張有教無類，將前此貴族所獨有之禮樂教育普及於平民，學生多至三千人。西漢武帝時，董仲舒(179-104 BC)進言罷黜百家獨尊儒術，奠定了儒家兩千年來的正統學派地位，孔子並被尊為萬世師表。

Confucius (551-479 BC) was born into a rather impoverished family of noble descent in Lu State (within modern Shantung Province). His Chinese name was KONG Chiu, with a courtesy name Zhong-ni. After resigning from his post as minister of Lu State, he travelled to many parts of China. He was, and still is, regarded as the most famous Chinese philosopher and educator. His policy was to accept any person as a disciple, provided that the student was genuinely eager to learn. This idea was revolutionary in a society in which education was the exclusive privilege of the aristocracy. He is credited with educating 3,000 students. He is also one of the first Chinese philosophers to leave behind a collection of teachings that can be reliably ascribed to his philosophy - The Analects. Confucius authored or edited the following works: Classics of Poetry, Book of Documents, Book of Rites, I Ching, and the Spring and Autumn Annals. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the West Han Dynasty (141-87 BC), the Confucian scholar and Imperial courtier DONG Zhong-Su (179-104 BC) recommended and adopted the policy to “reject other schools of thoughts, [and] respect only Confucianism.” Since then, Confucius was highly regarded as the Model for All Ages.

白話譯文

大道施行的時代，天下國家是大家的，為大家所共有、共治、共享，而不是專制私有的；選任賢德且有能力的人來擔任領導者，人人都講求誠實信用，邦族鄉鄰之間彼此修好，和諧、合作、和平；於是人們不祇親愛自己的父母至親，不祇愛護自己的兒女子弟，也敬愛別人的父母及慈護別人的子女；使老年人都能安享天年，壯年人都能貢獻智能，兒童們都有良好的養育、教育與培育；鰥夫、寡婦、孤兒、獨老無子的人、以及殘廢、疾病的人，都能受到足夠的照顧和供養；男的各有適當的職份工作，女的各有適合的家庭歸宿；那時人們厭惡將貨物資源廢棄於地上，也不見得祇為了自己纔護置它；人們嫌惡自己有能力卻不肯出力，也不見得祇為了自己纔願出力；所以，就没有謀財害命的陰謀發生，也没有偷竊強盜的亂象出現，是故，門戶也不用上鎖防範壞人，這就是所謂的大同世界。